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Exploring Kermanshah

Kermanshah, one of the largest and most significant cities in western Iran, is the capital of Kermanshah Province and lies at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. Geographically, the city is strategically located and is often referred to as the gateway to the west of the country. Kermanshah is bordered by Kurdistan Province to the north, Ilam Province to the south, Hamadan Province to the east, and Iraq to the west.

The climate of Kermanshah is temperate and mountainous, offering diverse weather conditions throughout the year. Winters are relatively cold with snow and rainfall, while summers are warm and dry. Spring and autumn are considered the most pleasant seasons to visit the city.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Kermanshah is one of Iran’s oldest cities, with a rich history that dates back thousands of years. Due to its unique geographical location, the city has always been a major center for cultural, commercial, and historical exchanges. Numerous ancient and historical sites attest to the ancient civilization of this region.

Throughout history, Kermanshah has played an important role in various historical events, from the Median, Achaemenid, and Sassanid periods to the Islamic and modern eras. Moreover, due to its proximity to the western borders, the city has played a prominent role in various conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War.

Population and Social Structure

According to the latest census, Kermanshah is one of the most populous cities in western Iran. The population is made up of various ethnic groups, with Kurds being the majority. The primary language spoken in Kermanshah is Kurdish, although Persian is also widely used as the official language.

The culture of Kermanshah is deeply rooted in the region’s ancient traditions and unique customs. Hospitality, music, and handicrafts are some of the city’s most prominent cultural features.

Economy and Industries

Due to its geographical location and natural resources, Kermanshah has a strong economic potential. The city is one of the country’s major agricultural, animalistic and food production hubs. Wheat, barley, grapes, vegetable oils, and dairy products are among the region’s main products. Additionally, animal husbandry, including the breeding of both light and heavy animals, is a primary activity of the local population.

Industrial-wise, Kermanshah hosts oil and gas refineries, petrochemical factories, and other processing industries. The presence of the official Parvizkhan border and other trade borders has made Kermanshah a significant player in the import and export sector with Iraq.

Academic and Scientific Institutions

Kermanshah is also one of the key academic and research centers in western Iran. The city’s esteemed universities play a vital role in education and scientific research. Notable institutions include Razi University, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Technology, and Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah.

Razi University, the host of this congress, is one of Iran’s leading universities in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry, and life sciences. It plays an essential role in producing specialized professionals and conducting influential research projects.

Lifestyle and Public Culture

Life in Kermanshah is a blend of tradition and modernity. While the people of the city strongly uphold their traditions, the development of urban areas and modern amenities are also noticeable. Markets, modern shopping centers, restaurants, and cafes are integral parts of daily life.

Kermanshah is also rich in cultural and artistic activities. Kurdish music is an inseparable element of the region’s culture, and many renowned singers and musicians have emerged from this city.

Kermanshah, with its thousands of years of history, is a gateway to Iranian civilization in the west and one of the most important cities in Iran in terms of scientific, economic, and cultural contributions.

With its combination of rich history, vibrant culture, and economic and scientific capacities, Kermanshah stands as a key hub in the country, and hosting the Iranian Animal Science Congress is an excellent opportunity to further introduce the city to the national scientific and research community.

Kermanshah Province: A Major Tourist Destination

Kermanshah Province, with its ancient history, pristine nature, and rich culture, is considered one of the most important tourist destinations in Iran. The province attracts numerous visitors every year due to its valuable historical sites, breathtaking natural landscapes, and diverse recreational centers. This page presents an overview of the most prominent tourist attractions in Kermanshah.

1. Historical and Archaeological Attractions
• Taq-e Bostan
Taq-e Bostan is one of the most significant and famous historical sites in Iran, featuring a collection of rock carvings and inscriptions from the Sassanid period. Located in the heart of the mountains near a beautiful spring, it displays depictions of the coronation of Khosrow Parviz, Ardashir II, and Shapur II and III. Apart from its historical importance, Taq-e Bostan’s beautiful natural surroundings make it one of Kermanshah’s most popular tourist destinations.
• Bistun
The Bistun historical complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is home to the famous inscription of Darius the Great, which narrates his victory over his opponents after rising to power in the Achaemenid Empire. This inscription, written in cuneiform script in Old Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian, is one of the most important historical documents in the world. The complex also features the Hercules relief, a Safavid caravanserai, and various other statues.

2. Natural Attractions
• Ghor-e Ghal’eh Cave
Located near the city of Javanroud, Ghor-e Ghal’eh Cave is one of Asia’s largest and most beautiful water caves. The cave boasts multiple chambers, such as Maryam Hall, Bride Hall, and Beethoven Hall, each adorned with beautiful crystal stalactites and stalagmites. With over 12 kilometers in length, Ghor-e Ghal’eh is one of Iran’s most astonishing natural wonders.
• Sarabe Niloofar
Sarabe Niloofar, located 20 kilometers northwest of Kermanshah, is one of the province’s most scenic natural areas. The area gets its name from the water lilies that cover its surface. The crystal-clear water and the picturesque surroundings make this spot one of the most popular leisure and tourist destinations in Kermanshah.

3. Religious and Pilgrimage Sites
• Shafi’i Mosque
The Shafi’i Mosque, one of Kermanshah’s most beautiful mosques, is located in the center of the city. This mosque, belonging to the Sunni community, is an important religious landmark and is known for its unique architectural design.
• Takieh Moaven ol-Molk
Takieh Moaven ol-Molk, one of the most beautiful religious buildings in Kermanshah, was constructed during the Qajar era. Famous for its unique tile work and numerous courtyards, this building is one of the most significant historical and religious monuments in Iran.

4. Cultural and Social Attractions
• Traditional Kermanshah Bazaar
The Traditional Kermanshah Bazaar is one of the oldest markets in Iran and still maintains its vibrancy. With its traditional architecture, old caravanserais, and halls, the market offers local handicrafts, carpets, traditional footwear, and regional foods such as rice cookies and “Kak,” a local pastry.
• Kermanshah Anthropology Museum
Located in the historical Takieh Beiglarbeigi, this museum is one of the most fascinating in Iran in terms of culture and the history of Kermanshah’s people. The museum showcases traditional clothing, agricultural tools, handicrafts, and aspects of the daily life of the region’s inhabitants.
• Khajeh Barookh House
This historic house, dating back to the Qajar period, is one of the finest examples of traditional Kermanshah architecture. It once belonged to a Jewish merchant and is now considered one of the city’s important historical landmarks.

Kermanshah Province, with its blend of historical sites, natural wonders, and religious landmarks, offers a unique experience that combines history, culture, and nature for its visitors.